Hiroshim | >Re-PHOTO

VE Day 60 Years On: Twenty Years ago Britain had a two day major celebration of the end of the war in Europe on 8th May 1945, and I wrote about this both at the time on My London Diary and last year here on >Re:PHOTO at VE Day 60 Years On – 2005.

Of course it wasn’t the end of the war, which continued against Japan for another 3 months, only brought to an end following the dreadful revelation of the power of nuclear weapons to destroy whole cities at Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The huge civilian deaths these caused may have shortened the war by a few days, but probably a USA determined to bring it to an end might have achieved a settlement earlier had some not wanted this more spectacular and deadly finale.

I grew up among many who had fought in WW2 and some who had lost fathers, uncles, cousins and brothers. There was a strong feeling that while the First World War which had been known as ‘The War to end all Wars’ had not proved to do so, this one should lead to an era of peace on the world.

It was this spirit that led to the foundation of the United Nations, and to developments such as the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, both of which are now very much under threat. And of course the war led to a Labour government which brought in reforms including the setting up of the NHS.

Peace did not last long, at least in part because it was not good for business. In part it was replaced by the ‘Cold War’ but there have been plenty of hot wars too. The world has seen war after war since VE day, many of which have involved either the USA or the UK, either actively with “boots on the ground”, or supporting one or sometimes both sides in the conflict openly or clandestinely and selling them the weapons with which to fight. There is a long list of wars the UK has been actively involved in on Wikipedia, since 1946 as well as a longer list for the USA which includes some others the UK was involved in.

The Cold War should have come to an end with the end of the Soviet Union in August 1991, but the ‘hawks’ were determined to keep it going rather than work with Russia. Had they not done so things might have been very different and Russia would not have felt the need for a strong president which led to the appointment of Putin.

Recently British jets have bombed the Houthis in Yemen, and the UK has sold arms to Saudi Arabia to be used against them in the war there. And the UK has given diplomatic support and supplied arms for the Israeli government for the genocide in Gaza, as well as carrying out reconnaissance flights for Israel over Gaza from RAF Akrotiri in Cyprus to enable them to locate targets.

There are now relatively few survivors who actually fought in World War 2, although it was estimated that “under 70,000” British WW2 veterans were still alive, aged between 95 and 112.

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VE Day 60 Years On – 2005

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The Mayor of Camden Cllr Maryam Eslamdoust lays the first wreath at the Hiroshima cherry tree

Back on the 8th of August 1967, that year’s Mayor of Camden Cllr Millie Miller planted a cherry tree in Tavistock Square in memory of the victims of the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima twenty two years earlier on August 8th 1945. A second bomb was dropped two days later on Nagasaki.

By then Japan had lost the war and surrender could only have been a few days away. There was no pressing military reason to use these monstrous weapons, but they had been under development in the Manhattan Project which began in 1939 but only got into full swing in 1952. The scientists had developed two different types of bomb, a uranium-235 bomb codenamed ‘Little Boy’ and the plutonium based ‘Fat Man’.

The ‘Fat Man’ device, involving an explosion to compact a plutonium sphere to provide the critical mass for an explosion was complex, and it was decided a test was necessary to determine if it would work. This test, the world’s first nuclear explosion, took place on the 16 July 1945 in a remote desert area in New Mexico.

Planning for dropping the two bombs began in serious in November 1943 and was complex. Specially modified aircraft were needed because of the size of the bombs and a special base was built for the missions on a Pacific island. Originally Kyoto had been selected for a target for the first bomb, but the US Secretary of War ruled it out because of its cultural and historic significance and Hiroshima was selected in its place.

Shigeo Kobayashi, Japan Against Nuclear, reads the English translation of today’s speech by the Mayor of Hiroshima at the commemoration there

The Hiroshima bomb was the logical end of years of planning and scientific effort and was needed more to validate that whole process than for any particular military purpose. There was even less reason for the second bomb on Nagasaki given the destruction the first bomb had caused. Over two thirds of Hiroshima’s buildings had been destroyed, almost a third of its population killed immediately and another third injured. More were to die later from radiation.

Nagasaki was not even the intended target for the second bomb; cloud over Kokura saved it from destruction and instead ‘Fat Man’ was dropped on Nagasaki. It was roughly 1.5 times more powerful than the Hiroshima bomb but hills protected parts of the city and the destruction and death toll were lower with an estimated 35,000–40,000 people killed and 60,000 injured.

Rev Gyoro Nagase, Buddhist monk from the Battersea Peace Pagoda

The commemoration takes place every 6th August in Tavistock Square, with Camden’s Mayor taking part, as well as peace activists. It is the largest of several events in London and I now usually attend and have photographed it a number of times.

Hiroshima Bomb victims remembered

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Tag: Hiroshim

VE Day 60 Years On – 2005

Hiroshima & Nagasaki